As highly autonomous mobile robots increasingly integrate into workplaces, they still require human oversight despite advances in artificial intelligence (AI). single human multiple robot (SHMR) systems enable one operator to monitor and control multiple robots simultaneously through a user interface, optimising resources and reducing human exposure to hazardous environments. While these systems offer advantages in effectiveness, efficiency and flexibility, they present challenges in managing attention and cognitive load. This study aims to systematically expand the understanding of SHMR system characteristics by addressing four key aspects: (1) robot composition, (2) roles of humans and robots, (3) interface design and (4) their impact on performance outcomes. Through an explorative search, 658 records were identified, with 44 studies selected for detailed analysis. The findings are consolidated into a practical checklist for designing and evaluating SHMR systems to facilitate efficient human–robot interaction (HRI).

Practitioner Summary: This review addresses the need for better integration of human factors in multiple robots’ systems. Unlike outdated or highly specific studies, ours adopts a boarder perspective, emphasising the human role and user state metrics. A practical checklist supports SHMR system design and evaluation, promoting safe and efficient human-robot interaction (HRI).

The complete article is published in the Journal "Ergonomics" (2025).